Understanding Tampons : from fibre to shelf
This infographic offers a clear and comprehensive overview of how tampons are made and why each component matters. By visually mapping the journey from raw materials to the finished product on store shelves, it sheds light on the science and care behind an everyday essential used by millions. It not only demystifies the manufacturing process—from fibre preparation to final shaping—but also explains the role of each part of the tampon in ensuring comfort, safety, and performance. It serves as a valuable resource for anyone seeking to better understand this trusted menstrual product.
What are Tampons Made Of?
Tampons are essential period products, and understanding what they are made from can be helpful. While specific designs and materials can vary slightly between manufacturers, tampons are generally constructed using several core components:
- Raw Materials: The journey of a tampon begins with natural or regenerated fibres derived from natural cellulose. Common examples include viscose (sometimes called rayon) or cotton, or a blend of these two fibres. These raw materials undergo testing for sensitisation and irritation to ensure safety.
- Core Fibres: The central, absorbent part of the tampon is made from these fibres. Specifically, the core fibres are typically composed of viscose, cotton, or a mixture of the two. These fibres are responsible for absorbing menstrual blood. During manufacturing, these fibres are mixed and blended together to form a web.
- Outer Layer: An important component is the outer cover, which is added to the fibre web. This layer is usually made of nonwovens or a perforated film. Its purpose is to help facilitate the insertion and removal of the tampon, keep the core fibres intact, and aid in fluid absorption.
- Removal String: A string is attached to the tampon to allow for its removal after use. This string is secured to the inner part of the tampon, often knotted before or after the main body is formed. The string is typically made of polyester or cotton, or sometimes a mix that may include viscose.
- Design Features: The design often includes grooves. These can help enhance absorbency during use and contribute to an even distribution of fluid within the tampon.
- Applicator: Some tampons are provided with an applicator to assist with insertion. Applicators are commonly made from plastic or coated cardboard.
How Are They Made?
While each brand may have small differences, tampons are generally manufactured through several key steps:
- Web Formation: The core fibres (viscose, cotton, or a blend) are mixed and blended into a web. The thickness, weight, and width of this web can be adjusted depending on the size and type of tampon being made.
- Formation of the Tampon Body: A cover (nonwovens or perforated film) may be added to the web.
- The web is then rolled or folded into the basic shape of the tampon.
- String Attachment: Before or after the rolling/folding step, the removal string is added, knotted, and secured to the inner part of the tampon
- Compression: The formed tampon is then compressed into its final shape and size.
Quality and Safety
Throughout the manufacturing process, testing is carried out on samples, as well as on the final tampons, to ensure that the products meet high quality and safety standards.
A Little History
Modern tampons have been in use since the 1930s, providing a convenient aid for women globally. However, earlier forms of tampons were used by women as far back as ancient Egypt. On average, a woman might use a significant number of tampons – up to 8,000 – during her menstruating years.
